Common Side Effects of Chemical Peels and How to Avoid Them

Chemical peels are a popular cosmetic treatment for rejuvenating the skin. They can address a variety of skin concerns, but it’s important to be aware of the potential side effects. Knowing what to expect and how to care for your skin after a peel can help you achieve the best results with minimal complications. 

A chemical peel is a procedure where a chemical solution is applied to the skin to exfoliate and remove the damaged outer layers. This process reveals smoother, younger-looking skin underneath. People often get chemical peels to: 

• Reduce fine lines and wrinkles 
• Treat sun damage and age spots 
• Improve the appearance of acne and acne scars 
• Even out skin tone and texture 
• Address hyperpigmentation and melasma 

There are three main types of chemical peels, each with a different level of intensity: 

• Superficial (Light) Peels: These use mild acids like alpha-hydroxy acid to gently exfoliate the outermost layer of skin. 
• Medium Peels: These use stronger acids like glycolic or trichloroacetic acid to penetrate the middle and outer layers of the skin. 
• Deep Peels: These use powerful chemicals like phenol to penetrate the deeper layers of the skin and address more significant skin concerns. 

4 Most Common Side-Effects of Using Chemical Peels & Their Preventions  

• Redness, Swelling, and Peeling 
• Changes in Skin Color 
• Increased Sensitivity 
• Infection 

Redness, Swelling, and Peeling 

One of the most common side effects of a chemical peel is redness, swelling, and subsequent peeling of the skin. This is a normal part of the healing process as the old, damaged skin makes way for the new, regenerated skin. 

The intensity of these effects depends on the depth of the peel. A light peel may cause mild redness and flaking, similar to a sunburn, while a deep peel can result in more significant swelling and peeling that can last for several weeks. 

During this time, your skin will be very sensitive. It’s crucial to follow your dermatologist’s aftercare instructions to ensure proper healing. The peeling process is a sign that the treatment is working, so it’s important to let it happen naturally. 

How to Avoid Complications:

• Don’t Pick or Scratch: Avoid the temptation to pick, peel, or scratch at the flaking skin. This can lead to scarring, infection, and hyperpigmentation. 
• Gentle Cleansing: Use a gentle, soap-free cleanser and lukewarm water to wash your face. Avoid hot water, which can be irritating. 
• Moisturize: Keep your skin well-hydrated with a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer. This will help to soothe the skin and reduce a tight, uncomfortable feeling. 
• Avoid Exfoliants: Do not use any scrubs, exfoliants, or harsh skincare products until your skin has fully healed. 

Changes in Skin Color 

Another potential side effect of chemical peels is a change in skin color. This can manifest as either hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) or hypopigmentation (lightening of the skin).  

These changes can be temporary or, in rare cases, permanent. People with darker skin tones are generally at a higher risk of developing these side effects. 

These color changes occur because the chemical peel can affect the production of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Sun exposure after a peel can exacerbate these issues, which is why it’s so important to protect your skin from the sun during the healing process. 

How to Avoid Complications:

• Sun Protection is Key: The most important step you can take to prevent changes in skin color is to protect your skin from the sun. This means wearing a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher every day, even on cloudy days. 
• Avoid Direct Sun: Stay out of the sun as much as possible, especially during peak hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.). 
• Wear Protective Clothing: When you are outdoors, wear a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses to further protect your skin. 
• Follow Pre-Peel Instructions: Your dermatologist may recommend using a retinoid cream or a bleaching agent before the peel to help prevent pigmentation issues. 

 Increased Sensitivity 

After a chemical peel, your skin will be more sensitive than usual. This is because the top layer of skin, which acts as a protective barrier, has been removed. As a result, your skin may be more susceptible to irritation from skincare products, environmental factors, and the sun. This sensitivity is usually temporary and will subside as your skin heals. 

During this time, it’s important to be extra gentle with your skin. Using the wrong products or treatments can cause irritation, redness, and increased sensitivity.  

How to Avoid Complications:

• Simplify Your Skincare Routine: Stick to a simple routine of a gentle cleanser, a soothing moisturizer, and a high-SPF sunscreen. 
• Avoid Harsh Products: Stay away from products that contain alcohol, fragrances, retinoids, or other potentially irritating ingredients until your dermatologist says it’s safe to resume them. 
• Be Mindful of Your Environment: Protect your skin from extreme temperatures, wind, and other environmental aggressors. 
• Postpone Other Treatments: Avoid other facial treatments, such as waxing, threading, or laser treatments, until your skin has fully recovered. 

Infections 

While rare, there is a risk of infection after a chemical peel. This is more common with deeper peels, as they create a more significant wound in the skin. An infection can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or a reactivation of the herpes simplex virus (the virus that causes cold sores). 

Signs of an infection can include increased redness, swelling, pain, pus, or blistering. If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to contact your doctor immediately. 

How to Avoid Complications:

• Keep Your Hands Off: Avoid touching your face as much as possible to prevent the transfer of bacteria from your hands to your skin. 
• Cleanse Gently: Keep the treated area clean by washing it with a gentle cleanser and lukewarm water. 
• Antiviral Medication: If you have a history of cold sores, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication to take before and after the peel to prevent a flare-up. 
• Follow Aftercare Instructions: Your dermatologist will provide you with specific instructions on how to care for your skin after the peel. Following these instructions carefully can help to minimize the risk of infection. 

Also Read:

The Benefits of Chemical Peels: How They Transform Your Skin

Chemical Peel vs. Laser Treatments: Which One Is Right for You?

In conclusion 

Chemical peels can be a highly effective way to achieve smoother, more radiant skin. While side effects like redness, peeling, and sensitivity are a normal part of the healing process, understanding how to manage them is key to a successful outcome. By choosing a qualified professional and diligently following all pre- and post-peel care instructions—especially protecting your delicate new skin from the sun—you can minimize risks and enjoy the beautiful, long-lasting results of your treatment. 

Disclaimer: This is not a medical blog. For further details, consider visiting a dermatologist.